Jordania

"Jordania (en árabe: Al-'Urdunn), oficialmente Reino Hachemita de Jordania (en árabe: Al-Mamlakah al-Urdunyah al-Hshimyah), llamado Transjordania hasta 1950 es un país de Asia ubicado en la región de Oriente Medio. Limita al Norte con Siria, al noreste con Irak, al este y sur con el reino de Arabia Saudita, al suroeste con el mar Rojo (en el golfo de Aqaba), y al oeste con Israel y Cisjordania. Su capital y ciudad más poblada es Amán. El reino se creó a raíz de la división de la región llevada a cabo por Francia y Reino Unido tras la Primera Guerra Mundial. En 1946 Jordania se convirtió en un estado soberano e independiente con el nombre inicial de Reino Hachemita de Transjordania. Tras la captura de Cisjordania durante la Guerra árabe-israelí de 1948, Abdalá I tomó el título de Rey de Jordania y Palestina. Jordania es una monarquía constitucional en la que el rey (en estos momentos Abdalá II) ostenta amplios poderes ejecutivos y legislativos. El país está clasificado como de un desarrollo humano alto, según el Informe de desarrollo humano de 2014, así como un mercado emergente gracias a la libertad de su economía en comparación con los países de su entorno. Jordania ha disfrutado desde 2010 de un estatus avanzado en sus relaciones con la Unión Europea y es miembro de la Zona de libre comercio euromediterránea. El país fue miembro fundador de la Liga Árabe y de la Organización para la Cooperación Islámica."

"Jordan (/drdn/; Arabic: Al-Urdunn), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: Al-Mamlakah Al-Urdunnyah Al-Hshimyah), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, Israel, Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south-west. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre. What is now Jordan has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. Three stable kingdoms emerged there at the end of the Bronze Age: Ammon, Moab and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabataean Kingdom, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by Britain and France. The Emirate of Transjordan was established in 1921 by the then Emir Abdullah I and became a British protectorate. In 1946, Jordan became an independent state officially known as The Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan. Jordan captured the West Bank during the 1948 ArabIsraeli War and the name of the state was changed to The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1949. Jordan is a founding member of the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and is one of two Arab states to have signed a peace treaty with Israel. The country is a constitutional monarchy, but the king holds wide executive and legislative powers. Jordan is a relatively small semi-arid almost landlocked country with a population numbering at 9.5 million. Sunni Islam, practiced by around 92% of the population, is the dominant religion in Jordan. It coexists with an indigenous Christian minority. Jordan is considered to be among the safest of Arab countries in the Middle East, and has avoided long-term terrorism and instability. In the midst of surrounding turmoil, it has been greatly hospitable, accepting refugees from almost all surrounding conflicts as early as 1948, with most notably the estimated 2.1 million Palestinians and the 1.4 million Syrian refugees residing in the country. The kingdom is also a refuge to thousands of Iraqi Christians fleeing the Islamic State. While Jordan continues to accept refugees, the recent large influx from Syria placed substantial strain on national resources and infrastructure. Jordan is classified as a country of "high human development" with an "upper middle income" economy. The Jordanian economy is attractive to foreign investors based upon a skilled workforce. The country is a major tourist destination, and also attracts medical tourism due to its well developed health sector. Nonetheless, a lack of natural resources, large flow of refugees and regional turmoil have crippled economic growth."